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2026-04-20 01:19:01 +02:00
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+# {foreach},{foreachelse}
+
+`{foreach}` is used for looping over arrays of data. `{foreach}` has a
+simpler and cleaner syntax than the
+[`{section}`](./language-function-section.md) loop, and can also loop over
+associative arrays.
+
+## Option Flags
+
+| Name    | Description                              |
+|---------|------------------------------------------|
+| nocache | Disables caching of the `{foreach}` loop |
+
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+
+{foreach $arrayvar as $itemvar}
+  {$itemvar|escape}
+{/foreach}
+
+{foreach $arrayvar as $keyvar=>$itemvar}
+  {$keyvar}: {$itemvar|escape}
+{/foreach}
+
+```
+> **Note**
+>
+> This foreach syntax does not accept any named attributes. This syntax
+> is new to Smarty 3, however the Smarty 2.x syntax
+> `{foreach from=$myarray key="mykey" item="myitem"}` is still
+> supported.
+
+-   `{foreach}` loops can be nested.
+
+-   The `array` variable, usually an array of values, determines the
+    number of times `{foreach}` will loop. You can also pass an integer
+    for arbitrary loops.
+
+-   `{foreachelse}` is executed when there are no values in the `array`
+    variable.
+
+-   `{foreach}` properties are [`@index`](#index),
+    [`@iteration`](#iteration),
+    [`@first`](#first),
+    [`@last`](#last),
+    [`@show`](#show),
+    [`@total`](#total).
+
+-   `{foreach}` constructs are [`{break}`](#break),
+    [`{continue}`](#continue).
+
+-   Instead of specifying the `key` variable you can access the current
+    key of the loop item by `{$item@key}` (see examples below).
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> The `$var@property` syntax is new to Smarty 3, however when using the
+> Smarty 2 `{foreach from=$myarray key="mykey" item="myitem"}` style
+> syntax, the `$smarty.foreach.name.property` syntax is still supported.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Although you can retrieve the array key with the syntax
+> `{foreach $myArray as $myKey => $myValue}`, the key is always
+> available as `$myValue@key` within the foreach loop.
+
+```php
+<?php
+$arr = array('red', 'green', 'blue');
+$smarty->assign('myColors', $arr);
+```
+    
+Template to output `$myColors` in an un-ordered list
+
+```smarty
+<ul>
+    {foreach $myColors as $color}
+        <li>{$color}</li>
+    {/foreach}
+</ul>
+```
+      
+The above example will output:
+
+```html
+<ul>
+    <li>red</li>
+    <li>green</li>
+    <li>blue</li>
+</ul>
+```
+
+```php      
+<?php
+$people = array('fname' => 'John', 'lname' => 'Doe', 'email' => 'j.doe@example.com');
+$smarty->assign('myPeople', $people);
+```
+
+Template to output `$myArray` as key/value pairs.
+
+```smarty
+<ul>
+    {foreach $myPeople as $value}
+       <li>{$value@key}: {$value}</li>
+    {/foreach}
+</ul>
+```
+     
+The above example will output:
+
+```html
+<ul>
+    <li>fname: John</li>
+    <li>lname: Doe</li>
+    <li>email: j.doe@example.com</li>
+</ul>
+```
+      
+Assign an array to Smarty, the key contains the key for each looped
+value.
+
+```php
+<?php
+ $smarty->assign(
+    'contacts', 
+    [
+         ['phone' => '555-555-1234', 'fax' => '555-555-5678', 'cell' => '555-555-0357'],
+         ['phone' => '800-555-4444', 'fax' => '800-555-3333', 'cell' => '800-555-2222'],
+     ]
+ );
+```
+
+The template to output `$contact`.
+
+```smarty
+{* key always available as a property *}
+{foreach $contacts as $contact}
+  {foreach $contact as $value}
+    {$value@key}: {$value}
+  {/foreach}
+{/foreach}
+
+{* accessing key the PHP syntax alternate *}
+{foreach $contacts as $contact}
+  {foreach $contact as $key => $value}
+    {$key}: {$value}
+  {/foreach}
+{/foreach}
+```
+      
+Either of the above examples will output:
+
+```
+  phone: 555-555-1234
+  fax: 555-555-5678
+  cell: 555-555-0357
+  phone: 800-555-4444
+  fax: 800-555-3333
+  cell: 800-555-2222
+```
+      
+A database (PDO) example of looping over search results. This example is
+looping over a PHP iterator instead of an array().
+
+```php
+<?php 
+  include('Smarty.class.php'); 
+
+  $smarty = new Smarty; 
+
+  $dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test'; 
+  $login = 'test'; 
+  $passwd = 'test'; 
+
+  // setting PDO to use buffered queries in mysql is 
+  // important if you plan on using multiple result cursors 
+  // in the template. 
+
+  $db = new PDO($dsn, $login, $passwd, array( 
+     PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY => true)); 
+
+  $res = $db->prepare("select * from users"); 
+  $res->execute(); 
+  $res->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_LAZY); 
+
+  // assign to smarty 
+  $smarty->assign('res',$res); 
+
+  $smarty->display('index.tpl');?>
+```
+
+```smarty
+{foreach $res as $r} 
+  {$r.id} 
+  {$r.name}
+{foreachelse}
+  .. no results .. 
+{/foreach}
+```
+
+The above is assuming the results contain the columns named `id` and
+`name`.
+
+What is the advantage of an iterator vs. looping over a plain old array?
+With an array, all the results are accumulated into memory before being
+looped. With an iterator, each result is loaded/released within the
+loop. This saves processing time and memory, especially for very large
+result sets.
+
+## @index
+
+`index` contains the current array index, starting with zero.
+
+```smarty
+{* output empty row on the 4th iteration (when index is 3) *}
+<table>
+    {foreach $items as $i}
+      {if $i@index eq 3}
+         {* put empty table row *}
+         <tr><td>nbsp;</td></tr>
+      {/if}
+      <tr><td>{$i.label}</td></tr>
+    {/foreach}
+</table>
+```
+      
+
+## @iteration
+
+`iteration` contains the current loop iteration and always starts at
+one, unlike [`index`](#index). It is incremented by one
+on each iteration.
+
+The *"is div by"* operator can be used to detect a specific iteration.
+Here we bold-face the name every 4th iteration.
+
+```smarty
+{foreach $myNames as $name}
+  {if $name@iteration is div by 4}
+    <b>{$name}</b>
+  {/if}
+  {$name}
+{/foreach}
+```
+
+The *"is even by"* and *"is odd by"* operators can be used to
+alternate something every so many iterations. Choosing between even or
+odd rotates which one starts. Here we switch the font color every 3rd
+iteration.
+
+```smarty
+ {foreach $myNames as $name}
+   {if $name@iteration is even by 3}
+     <span style="color: #000">{$name}</span>
+   {else}
+     <span style="color: #eee">{$name}</span>
+   {/if}
+ {/foreach}
+```
+
+This will output something similar to this:
+
+```html
+<span style="color: #000">...</span>
+<span style="color: #000">...</span>
+<span style="color: #000">...</span>
+<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
+<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
+<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
+<span style="color: #000">...</span>
+<span style="color: #000">...</span>
+<span style="color: #000">...</span>
+<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
+<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
+<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
+...
+```
+       
+## @first
+
+`first` is TRUE if the current `{foreach}` iteration is the initial one.
+Here we display a table header row on the first iteration.
+
+```smarty
+{* show table header at first iteration *}
+<table>
+    {foreach $items as $i}
+      {if $i@first}
+        <tr>
+          <th>key</td>
+          <th>name</td>
+        </tr>
+      {/if}
+      <tr>
+        <td>{$i@key}</td>
+        <td>{$i.name}</td>
+      </tr>
+    {/foreach}
+</table>
+```
+      
+## @last
+
+`last` is set to TRUE if the current `{foreach}` iteration is the final
+one. Here we display a horizontal rule on the last iteration.
+
+```smarty
+{* Add horizontal rule at end of list *}
+{foreach $items as $item}
+  <a href="#{$item.id}">{$item.name}</a>{if $item@last}<hr>{else},{/if}
+{foreachelse}
+  ... no items to loop ...
+{/foreach}
+```
+      
+## @show
+
+The show `show` property can be used after the execution of a
+`{foreach}` loop to detect if data has been displayed or not. `show` is
+a boolean value.
+
+```smarty
+<ul>
+    {foreach $myArray as $name}
+        <li>{$name}</li>
+    {/foreach}
+</ul>
+{if $name@show} do something here if the array contained data {/if}
+```
+
+## @total
+
+`total` contains the number of iterations that this `{foreach}` will
+loop. This can be used inside or after the `{foreach}`.
+
+```smarty
+{* show number of rows at end *}
+{foreach $items as $item}
+  {$item.name}<hr/>
+  {if $item@last}
+    <div id="total">{$item@total} items</div>
+  {/if}
+{foreachelse}
+ ... no items to loop ...
+{/foreach}
+```
+
+See also [`{section}`](./language-function-section.md),
+[`{for}`](./language-function-for.md) and
+[`{while}`](./language-function-while.md)
+
+## {break}
+
+`{break}` aborts the iteration of the array
+
+```smarty     
+  {$data = [1,2,3,4,5]}
+  {foreach $data as $value}
+    {if $value == 3}
+      {* abort iterating the array *}
+      {break}
+    {/if}
+    {$value}
+  {/foreach}
+  {*
+    prints: 1 2
+  *}
+``` 
+       
+## {continue}
+
+`{continue}` leaves the current iteration and begins with the next
+iteration.
+
+```smarty
+  {$data = [1,2,3,4,5]}
+  {foreach $data as $value}
+    {if $value == 3}
+      {* skip this iteration *}
+      {continue}
+    {/if}
+    {$value}
+  {/foreach}
+  {*
+    prints: 1 2 4 5
+  *}
+```